Method of shrinking and finishing linens, cottons, or other fabrics.



No. 676,462. Patented lune I8, I901. W. HEBDDN. METHOD OF SHBINKING ANDFINISHING LINENS, COTTDNSQOB OTHER FABRICS. (Application filed Apr. 26,1899.] (No Model.) 8 SheotsSheet l.

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No. 676,462. Patented I une :8, 19m.

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METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, COTTONS, OR OTHER FABRICS.

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No. 676,462. Patented lune l8, I901.

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METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, BUTTONS, OR OTHER FABRICS.

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No. 676,462. Patented lune I8, mm.

W. HEBDON. METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, COTTONS, OR OTHERFABRICS.

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(Application filed Apr. 26, 1899. (No Model.)

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W. HEBDDN. METHOD OF SHRINKENG A-ND FINISHING LINENS, COTTONS,-0B OTHERFABRICS.

(Application filed Apr. 26, 1899.; (No Model.)

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0.. warn-mun WASHINGTON n c No. 676,462 Patented lune I8, l90l. W.HEBDON.

METHOD OF SHBINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, COTTONS, OR OTHER FABRICS.

(Application filed Apr. 26, 1899. ,1 (No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 6,

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No. 676,462. Patented June [8, I90L, W. HEBDON.

METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, BUTTONS, OR OTHER FABRICS.

(Application filed Apr. 26, 1899.) (No Model.) 8 Shee ts8heet 7.

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Patented June is, 190:.

W. HEBDON. METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, CDTTONS, OR OTHERFABRlGS (Applicqtion filed Apr. 28, 1899.) (N0 Hodaj.) V 8 $heets-$heet8.

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UNITED STATES PATENT WILLIAM HEBDON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TOTHE nnBDoN MACHINE AND GLOTI-I FINISHING COMPANY, OF BOROUGH OF MANHAT-TAN, NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF SHRINKING AND FINISHING LINENS, COITONS, OR OTHER FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 676,462, dated June 18,1901.

Application filed April 26, 1899. Serial No. 714;,526. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern: is an enlarged side elevation of the dryingBe it known that 1, WILLIAM HEBDON, of and shrinking apparatus. Fig. 11is a crossthe city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, section of the sameon the line 11 11 in Fig. in the county of Kings and State of New York,10. Fig. 12 is a sectional side elevationof have invented a new andImproved Method part of the same on the line 12 12 in Fig. 11. 55 ofShrinking and Finishing Linens, Oottons, Fig. 13 is an enlarged sideelevation of the Ducks, Drills, or Like Fabrics, of which the pressing,measuring, and folding machine. following is a full, clear, and exactdescrip- Fig. 14 is a rear end elevation of the same. tion. Fig. 15 isan enlarged sectional side elevation IO The Object of the invention isto provide a of the same on the line 15 15in Fig. 14. Fig. 60 new andimproved method for shrinking and 16 is an enlarged end view of partofthesame. finishing cottons, linens, ducks, drills, and Fig. 17'is asectional plan View on the line 17 like textile fabrics, the entireoperation re- 17in Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is an enlarged sectional quiringbutverylittle time and insuring regu side elevation of another part of thesame on 15 lar even shrinkage, perfect finishing without the line 18 18in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a per- 65 undue stretching, and accuratemeasurespective view of the folding-table and adment withoutnecessitating the employment jacent parts. Fig.20 is an enlargedsectional of skilled labor. side elevation of part of the folding-table.The method consists in saturating a piece Fig. 21 is an enlarged sideelevation of part of 2'0 of cloth, then subjecting the saturated piecethe mechanism for automaticallylowering the 70 to pressure to squeezeout surplus moisture, folding-table as the folds increase thereon. thenrolling the wet piece in a dry one to Fig. 22 is a transverse section ofthe same. moisten the latter by moisture from the wet Fig. 23 is asectional side elevation of the nut, piece, then heating and drying bothpieces screw, spindle, and lever for the folding 25 in open width, andfinally pressingthe pieces mechanism, the section being on the line 2375 in open width. 23 inFig. 24:; and Fig. 24. is a sectional plan Inorder to carry the method into elfect, I view of the same on the line 242. in Fig. 21. employ an apparatus such as shown in the In the so-calledLondon process for accompanying drawings, forming a part of shrinkingand finishing linen, cotton, or like this specification, in whichsimilar characters textile fabrics in the piece the piece was So ofreference indicate corresponding parts in placed in atank of water tobecome saturated; all the views. but owing to the tight folds of thepiece it re- Figure 1 isa side elevation of the entire apquired hoursfor the water to penetrate it, paratus for carrying the method intoeffect. and even then an uneven saturation took Fig. 2 is an enlargedside elevation, with part place. The unevenly-saturated piece of cloth85 in section, of the saturating-tank and squeezwas then removed fromthe tank, rolled up ing-rolls for the piece of cloth. Fig. 3 is an oragain laid in folds, and left to drain; but end elevation of the same.Fig. 4 is a secin doing so the lower portion of the roll or tionalperspective view of one of the baskets fold contained much more moisturethan the 40 forholdingthe piece of cloth Whileimmersing upper parts, andconsequently an uneven 0 it in the water in the saturating-tank. Fig.draining took place. The goods after drain- 5 is an enlarged sideelevation of the winding in the manner described were hung up ining-stand with parts extended. Fig. 6 is an loose folds on poles to dry;but the drying end elevation of the same with parts folded process,besides being irregular, required a up and ready for transportation.Fig. 7 is a long time, and other methods for accomplish- 5 sectionalside elevation of the same on the ing the drying by heated cylinders,for inline? 7 in Fig. 6. Fig. Sis an enlarged side stance, have proved afailure, as the goods elevation of part of the same on the line 8 8 areto a great extent unduly stretched. The in Fig. (3. Fig. dis atransverse section of pressing by the London process is mostly the sameon the line 9 9 in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 done by the cloth being folded up andhav- 10o ing pressed paper between the folds, or one' layer of paperbetween adjacent layers of the fabric to form a pile, which is placed ina suitable press and pressed either by hot or cold plates engaging thepile at the top and bottom; but as the shrinking of the fabric wasuneven and irregular the pressing did not rectify the defects and thegoods were not properly finished. The pressing of the goods by therotary process and tension-rods as now practiced causes undue stretchingof the fabric, and hence thus increases the defects instead ofdiminishing the same. Vith my method, presently to be described indetail, the linen, cotton, or similar fabric piece goods are uniformlyshrunk and properly dried and pressed, and by the use of my improvedpressing-machine the fabric is not subjected to the action oftension-rollers, as the pressingroller rises and falls, according to thethickness of the fabric, and properly presses the thinnest fabric, aswell as the heaviest felting,without the least stretching. Afterpressing the fabric, even that of the mostdelicate texture, isaccurately measured, and while this takes place and the fabric passesupon a roller or is folded up it can be readily and finally examined bythe operator.

Fabrics for forming garments and the like and to be treated are placedin a tank A, filled with water; but in case the fabrics are for use inthe manufacture of tents and other -waterproof articles then the tank isfilled with a solution of water and alum, which latter serves to closethe fiber of the fabric. In the liquid contained in the tank A is placeda basket 13, having a suitable chain B or other means for convenientlylowering the-basket into the tank or raising it out therefor-m, and suchtank contains a piece of cloth 0 in folds O, as is plainly indicated inFigs. 1 and 2, so that it is thoroughly saturated by the liquidcontained in the tank A, and when this is accomplished the cloth ispassed upward out of the liquid and between wringer or squeezing rollsDD, journaled in bearings D D respectively, of which the bearing D issecured in a frame D attached to the top of the tank A, as is plainlyindicated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The other bearing D is mounted to slidelongitudinally in guideways on said frame and is adjusted toward andfrom the other bearing D by a screw-rod D or other suitable means tobring the roll D with more or less force in contact with the piece ofcloth 0 to squeeze out a portion of the moisture taken up in the tank A.On the roll D is secured a crankarm D under the control of the operatorfor turning said roll D and causing the piece of cloth 0 to pass upbetween the two rolls to squeeze out a portion of the moisture and drawthe piece out of the basket. The piece then passes upon a reel or spit Eand is wound up thereon, together with a second piece of cloth Carranged in folds C in a dry state on a table F, hinged to the frameworkof a stand G, in which the reel E is removably ewes journaled, as isplainly indicated in Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 0. Instead of passing thepiece of cloth 0 directly over to the spit E it may be first passed overa guide-roller D journaled on the top of the frame D. The two pieces ofcloth 0 0 pass in opposite directions to the reel E, the piece 0 passingunder a guide-roller G and the piece 0 over a guide-roller G bothrollers being journaled in arms G pivoted at their middle on a bolt Gheld in the framework of the stand G, as is plainly indicated in Fig. 6.The guideroller arms are thus mounted to rock to bring the rollers G Ginto proper position relative to the heating apparatus, as hereinaftermore fully described, the swinging motion of the arms being, however,limited by a stop-lug G fixed on the stand and extending intoanelongated notch G in one of the arms, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

In elongated bearings on the sides of the stand-frame is journaled theaxle G of wheels G for conveniently moving the stand from the tank Abetween two heating apparatus H H, asis plainly-illustrated in Fig. 1.When the stand is in position between the heating apparatus, then thewheels G are in an upper most position, as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6,so that the legs of the stand rest on the floor; but when it is desiredto move the stand about from one place to another then the framework ofthe stand is raised to lift the legs off the floor and to support thestand on the wheels G For this purpose the following device is provided:On the framework are pivoted the bell-crank levers G", each adapted toengage with one arm the axle G and connected at its other arm by a linkG with levers G, fulcrumed on the framework and extending transverselytherein to be under the control of the operator. lVhen the outer ends ofthe levers G are swung upward, the links'G are moved downward, and aswinging motion is given to the bell-crank levers G", so that the armsresting on the axle G cause a lifting of the stand G, as indicated inFig. 7,1;0 permit of conveniently moving the stand from one place toanother, the wheels G traveling on the floor. The ends of the stand areprovided with suitable handles G adapted to be taken hold of by theoperators to move the stand from one place to another.

The reel or spit E is turned by a suitable crank-arm or other means, soas to roll up the moistened and the dry piece of cloth in such a mannerthat the layers of the moistened piece of cloth alternate with those ofthe dry piece, and consequently the moisture contained in the wet pieceof cloth passes by capillary attraction into the layers of the dry pieceof cloth, and consequently both pieces are uniformly moistened. Whenthis has been done, the stand G, with the roll having the two pieces ofevenly'moistened cloth C 0 is positioned between the two heatingapparatus H H, which are alikein construction.

(See Fig. 1, also Figs. 10, 11, and 12.) The two pieces 0 C arenowunwound from the reel E and passed in open width in oppositedirections over the heating-surfaces of the apparatus H II to be woundup on the reels or spits I I, respectively, loosely journaled in theouter ends of the framework H for the apparatus II 11.

Each heating apparatus H H is provided with a casing H preferably madeof sheetiron, having a flat perforated top, (see Fig. 12,) over whichpasses the piece of cloth, Without, however, touching the casing, thecloth being stretched between two guide-rollers I I journaled in theends of the framework H the rollers being located directly under thecorresponding spit or reel I or I, located at the ends of the heatingapparatus H 11. (See Fig. 1.) Within each casing H is arranged a coil ofpipe H connected at its ends with valved pipes 11 one of which leads toa boiler or other steam-supply and the other to a place of discharge,and from the coil also lead branch pipes H to connect with a pipe 11'for carrying oif the water of condensation to a suitable place ofdischarge, said pipe H being provided with a suitable valve H which isopened from time to time for discharging the Water of condensation. Asthe piece of cloth is wound on the spit or reel I I the roll thus formedincreases in size and the shaft of the reel slides upward in theelongated bearings for the spit to accommodate the size of the roll, thepiece of cloth, however, being kept uniformly stretched at the sameheight over the heating surface I1 owing to the position of theguide-rollers I 1 of which the latter supports the roll of cloth woundon the reel. Now by the arrangement described the heated coil H causes aheating of the casingH and of the air passing through the perforationsin said casing, so that the piece of cloth passing in open width oversaid casing is thoroughly heated, and thereby dried and shrunk withoutthe least stretching, and is wound up in this condition on thecorresponding reel or spit I or I. The-reels I I, withthe dried andshrunken pieces of cloth thereon in roll form, are now removed fromtheir bearingson the framework H and transferred to bearings J onpressing, measuring,and folding machines J (shown in Figs. 1, 13, 14,and 15) to properlypress the piece of cloth without straining thetexture of the fabric, then accurately measure it, and finally roll orfold it up. The pressing device is provided with dies K K, of which thedie K is fixed to the framework J and is made hollow and connected witha steam-supply pipe K and a pipe K for carrying off the water ofcondensation, both pipes K K being supplied with suitable valves. Thetop surface of the die K is made segmental for receiving the other dieK, which is in the form of a cylinder mounted to turn in bearings Kfitted to slide verticallyin standards carried by the framework J saidbearings K resting on springs K and pressed on top by springs K thetension of which is regulated by screwrods K, screwing in the standards,to permit of adjusting the die K relatively to the die K according tothe nature of the fabric under treatment. Now as the piece of cloth 0 orO is unrolled from the reel I or I, respectively, it is passed betweenthe dies K K to be pressed and heated, and thereby thoroughly fixed andfinished. If desired, the heating of the die K may be omitted, so thatthe cloth is cold-pressed while passing between the dies, the die Kbeing rotated as the cloth passes between said dies. Thus it will beseen that by the arrangement described the cloth is not stretched orstrained during the pressing operation, which is entirely uniformthroughout the piece, and consequently cloth of a high quality isproduced. The ends of the die K are rounded off, as at K K to permit thecloth to readily enter between the dies and leave the same without beingstrained. The cloth after leaving the dies passes upward between thecylinders N N, forming part of a measuring-machine mounted on part ofthe framework J as illustrated in the drawings. The measuring-Inachinecylinder N is mounted in verticallyslidable and yieldingly-supportedbearings, the same as the die K, so that further description of thismounting is not deemed necessary. The measuring-machine cylinder ,Nactuates a recording device N of any approved construction, to properlyrecord the length of the piece of cloth passed between themeasuring-cylinders N N, it being understood that the cylinder N isadjusted according to the thickness of the cloth passed between thecylinders, so that the cloth is not injured in any way while passingthrough the measuring-machine. The measured cloth then passes betweentwo drawing-rollers O O, of which the roller 0 is journaled inVertically adjustable bearings to permit of adjusting said rollerrelatively to the roller 0- and according to the thickness of the clothunder treatment. The cloth after leaving the drawing-rollers O 0 passesto the folding-machine for laying the cloth in folds of a desiredlength, said folding-machine being provided with a table P, arranged tobe automatically lowered as the folds accumulate on the said table. Thecloth between the drawing-rollers O O and the table P extends betweentwo rollers Q, journaled in a carrier Q, mounted to slide longitudinallyon suitable guideways Q attached to the framework J Links Q connect thecarrier Q with a bell-crank lever Q fulcrumed on the shaft for the lowerdrawing-roller O, and the arms Q of this bell-crank lever are pivotallyconnected by links Q with crank-disks R, secured on a shaft R, extendingtransversely and journaled in suitable bearings carried by the frameworkJ (See Figs. 14 and 15.) The shaft R is connected by gear-wheels R Rwith a shaft S, likewise extending transversely and journaled insuitable bearings on the framework J and having a crank-arm S at one endfor permitting the operator to turn said shaft S to rotate the shaftR bythe gear-wheels R R and to cause a swinging of the bell-crank levers Qby the action of the links Q connecting the disks R with the arms Q Theswinging motion given to the' bell-crank levers causes a forward andback-' ward sliding of the carriers Q on the guideways Q so that therollers Q carry the cloth pose the shaft S is provided at one end with asprocket-wheel 8*, over which passes a sprocket-chain S ,also passingover a sprocket=' wheel S on the shaft for the drawing-roller 0. Nowwhen the shaft S is rotated a rotary motion is given to the roller 0' inunison with the'movement given to the carrier Q, so that no straining ofthe fabric whatever takes place while passing between the dies, the

measuring-cylinders, the drawing-rollers, or

while finally folded on the table P.

As the guideways Q are fixed, it is evidentthat the rollers'Q travelalways in they same horizontal plane, and as the folds increase it isnecessary that the table P be pro. portionatel y lowered for each fold.For this purpose the table P is mounted to slide in suitable guidewayson the framework J 2 and is pivotally connected at its under side bylinks P with arms T, projecting rearwardly from a transverse shaftT,journaled in suitable bearings on the framework J Onthe shaft T issecured a forwardly-extending arm T carrying in its forked end a nut Tpreferably made in sections and hung on centers in the fork of saidarm-T In the nut screws a screw rod' U, mounted to turn loosely at itsupper end in a bearing U, hung loosely on a shaft U extendingtransversely and journaled in suitable bearings attached to theframework J as is plainly indicated in Fig. 15.

On the upper end of the screw-rod U is secured a bevel gear-wheel U inmesh with a bevel gear-wheel U on the shaft U which latter is providednear one end with a ratchetwheel U engaged at opposite sides by pawls Ufulcrumed on a rocking arm U mounted to swing loosely on the shaft U asa center. The outer ends of the rocking arm U are pivotally connectedwith two eccentric-rods U of eccentrics U on the shaft S and havingtheir disks standing diametrically opposite each other, so that aforward and backward rocking motion is given to the arm U when the shaftS is rotated, as above explained. When the arm U is rocked, asdescribed, a continuous rotary motion is given to the ratchet-wheel U bythe pawls U so that the shaft U is turned, and the rotary motion of thelatter is transmitted by the gear-wheels U U 'to the screw-rod U, whichcauses the nut-T to travel in an upward direction to impart an upwardswinging motion to the arm T and a downward swinging motion to the armsT, so that the links P cause the table P to slide in an upward directionas the folds accumulate on said table. It is understood that the severalparts described are so proportioned that the rotary motion of the shaftT, which controls the movement of the fabric 0 and the laying of thefolds, also causes a downward sliding of the table P in proportion tothe accumulation of folds on said table P.

In order to properly lay the cloth in folds of a desired length, sets offingers V V are provided, of which the fingers Vare adapted to engagethe side edges of the cloth near the outer end of the table P, while thefingers V- are adapted to engage the side edges of the cloth near theinner end of the table. (See Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19.) The sets offingers V V are adapted to alternately engage and disengage the cloth inthe manner describedthat is, the fingers V engage the cloth at the timetherollers Q in the carrier Q are traveling rearwardly and the fingers Vengage the cloth immediately previous to the return or outward movementof the rollers .Q toallow a proper fold to be formed, this end of thecloth being held until the rollers are again on the return movement atthe time the cloth is engaged by the other fingers V. The fingers V aresecured on longitudinally-ex tending shafts Vi, extending'looselythrough and mounted-to turn in the hollow shafts V carrying the otherfingers V. On the shafts V V are secured gear-wheels V V respectively,in mesh with-racks V V respectively, mounted to slide transversely insuitable bearings J attached to the framework J Each of the racks V V-is so formed that one end engages the corresponding gear-wheel V or Vat the bottom and the othercorresponding gear-wheel at the top, and whena lateral sliding motion is given to one of the racks then the twocorresponding gear-wheels are simultaneo usly moved to turn the shaftsand move the-set of fingers inwardly or outwardly, according to thedirection in which the rack is shifted.

In order to impart the desired sliding motion to the racks V V, they arepivotally connected at or near their middle with levers V V", fulcrum edon a bracket J attached to the framework J The levers V V have pins orfriction-rollers projecting into grooves on the peripheries ofcam-wheels V and V secured on the shaft S, so that when the latter isrotated said cam-wheels impart the desired sliding motion to the racks Vand V by the action of the levers V V, receiving their swinging motionfrom said cam-wheels.

When the machine is in operation, the sets of fingersVV automaticallychange positions whenever the rollers Q on the carriers Q are near theends of their strokes to insure a proper laying of the cloth in folds onthe table, as before explained. When a piece of cloth is finished andfolded on the table, it is finally removed therefrom and is ready forthe market.

In order to quickly raise the table P to its original position forreceiving the next piece of cloth, the following arrangement isprovided: The split nut T is engaged on top by a cover T, having angularslots T engaging pins T on the sections of the nut, and

this cover is mounted to turn loosely on the screw-rod U and ispivotally connected by a shifting rod T with the rear end of themachine, as is plainly shown in Fig. 13, so as to be within convenientreach of the operator. When it is desired to raise the table, theoperator pushes the rod T forward to cause a turning of the cover T andan opening of the sections of the nut T to disengage the threads of thenut from the threads of the screw-rod, so that the operator can readilylift the table to its previous position, the lever formed by the arms TT and the shaft T, together with the link P following the movement ofthe table. It is understood that the nut T now passes back to alowermost position on the rod U, and then the operator exerts a pull onthe rod T to again close the sections of the nut on the screw-rod, sothat when the latter is rotated the nut travels upward on the screw-rodto lowerthe table, as previously explained.

From the foregoing itis evident thatthe cloth by the treatment describedreceives athorough uniform moistening, shrinking, and drying, and afinalfinishing by being pressed between dies, so that the cloth leaves themachine in a perfect condition and without danger of being undulystretched. Furthermore,the cloth is accurately measured and then'nicelyfolded, so as to be immediately ready for being cut into parts formaking garments, tents, and other articles. If desired, the cloth may berolled up instead of being folded.

By subjecting the piece of cloth to a uniform pressure throughout itslength and width after it has the fiber set, as above described, apermanent finish is given to the cloth and not an artificial anddeceptive one, as heretofore practiced, and such permanent finish is notliable to spot from rain and prevents shrinkage of the fabric.

Any imperfections in the cloth caused by previous treatments in the millor otherwise and ordinarily hidden by the artificial finish produced byhot-pressing or other cause are readily discovered through my improvedprocess, as such artificial finish is removed by the fiber-settingprocess,and consequently when the cloth leaves the measuring-machine andis then examined permits the examiner to at once detect suchimperfections.

My even method of drying is a sure preventive of mildew on account ofthe uniform moistening and drying of the goods,and which mildew Was dueto the uneven wetting and drying in the old process heretoforepracticed.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent 1. The herein-described method of shrinking andfinishing cloth, consisting in saturating a piece of cloth, thensubjecting the saturated piece to pressure to squeeze out surplusmoisture, then rolling the wet piece in a dry one to moisten the latterby moisture from the wet piece, then heating and drying bot-h pieces inopen width, and finally pressing the pieces in. open width, as setforth.

2. The herein-described method of shrinking and finishing two pieces ofcloth simultaneously, consisting in moistcning one sheet and rolling itup in a dry piece to transfer part of the moisture to the dry piece,then separating the pieces and heating the same over separateheating-surfaces, and finally pressing the pieces in-open width, as setforth.

3. The herein-described method of shrinking and finishing cloth,consisting in moistening one sheet of cloth and rolling it up in a drysheet of cloth to moisten the latter by moisture from the wet sheet,then unrolling the moistened sheets and passing the same separately indifierent directions without stretching and under application of heat todry the sheets, and then subjecting each sheet to pressure, to fix andfinish the cloth, as set forth.

at. The herein-described method of shrinking and finishing cloth,consisting in moistening one sheet of cloth and rolling it up in a drysheet of cloth to moisten the latter by moisture from the wet sheet,then unrolling the moistened sheets and passing the same separately indifferent directions without stretching and under application of heat todry the sheets, then subjecting each sheet to pressure, to fix andfinish the cloth, and finally measuring the finished cloth, as setforth.

WILLIAM HE BD ON.

WVitnesses:

THEO. G. HOSTER, EVERARD BoLToN MARSHALL.

